Gracefully handle server-side filtered columns

As of DBZ-1068, the SQL Server connector supports partial capture instances now, i.e. specific columns can already be excluded in the database / capture instance itself.

Right now, those columns must also be excluded via column.exclude.list in the connector though, so to avoid an exception due to misaligned schemas (see SqlServerConnectorIT.excludeColumnWhenCaptureInstanceExcludesColumns() for the error by removing the filter onfiguration there).

Once done, remove this comment from the connector docs:

When calling `sys.sp_cdc_enable_table()` with the `captured_column_list` parameter for capturing only a subset of a table's columns,
the connector's

Unknown macro: {link-prefix}

:

Unknown macro: {link-sqlserver-connector}

#sqlserver-property-column-exclude-list[column.exclude.list] configuration property must be set accordingly, excluding all non-captured columns.

Also the comment in PR #748 needs addressing, which deals with a corner case around renamed columns.